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North Carolina LCMHC Jurisprudence Exam - Test
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1. The Professional Disclosure Statement was designed for the purpose of providing prospective clients with: Help
Information to determine the quality of the counseling offered by the LCMHC or LCMHCA.
 Encouragement for those who may be hesitant to begin counseling.
 Information to make an informed decision about starting counseling with a LCMHC or LCMHCA.
 More paperwork so the initial session appears as a serious commitment.
2. Exceptions to confidentiality (such as child or elder abuse or neglect, a court order for disclosure, involvement of a DSS worker, or danger to the client or identified others) are carefully explained to the client in the following ways: Help
During the first phone contact and initial interview
 At the initial interview and in the Professional Disclosure Statement
 When one of the exceptions arises in counseling
 It is better not to share the exceptions so that the client does not withhold information.
3. Forty contact hours of continuing counselor education, including a minimum of three contact hours of ethics, shall be completed within the two-year license renewal period. The purpose is to increase knowledge and skills in the practice of counseling. Which of the following activities is NOT acceptable as hours toward renewal of licensure? Help
Continuing counselor education courses provided by an acceptable national organization or affiliate
 Authoring or co-authoring a published book on counseling-related material
 Clinical supervision provided by the licensee to others
 Activities or workshops for which the licensee was a provider
4. Davis, LCMHC, was in a car accident and sustained injuries requiring an extended period of surgery and rehabilitation. He is finally able to return to work after four months and realizes he has not completed his required hours of continuing education in time for his approaching license renewal deadline. His best option is to: Help
Submit his renewal form with a letter enclosed explaining the deficiency.
 Let his license lapse while earning his needed continuing education hours.
 Request an extension in writing from the Board.
 None of the above, he must complete the hours immediately.
5. Which of the following actions is NOT a service allowed under the definition of the "practice of counseling"? Help
Administering and interpreting tests for assessment of personal characteristics
 Settlement of conflicts by mediators at community mediation centers.
 Identifying problems requiring referral to other specialists.
 Designing, conducting, and interpreting research with human subjects
6. Emma, a 23 year old, who was very satisfied with the counseling she was receiving from Ben, LCMHC, referred her roommate to Ben, also. Emma later complained to the Board that during Ben's subsequent sessions with her roommate, information was shared that breached her confidentiality. Which of the following is one of the actions the Board can take during their investigation? Help
Subpoena individuals and records
 File a lawsuit against the counselor
 Arrange for mediation between the client and the counselor
 Charge Ben for the costs incurred by the Board
7. In Article 24 of the LPC Act, 'Protection of the public' includes a list of grounds for which the Board may deny, suspend, or revoke licensure, discipline, place on probation, require remediation or rehabilitation. Which of the following is NOT grounds for such actions? Help
Was convicted of a felony or misdemeanor
 Made misleading or false statements referring to education or licensure
 Charged fees that are higher than colleagues fees
 Harassed or abused, sexually or otherwise, a client, student, or supervisee
8. Sasha, LCMHC, crossed professional boundaries with a client being counseled, by engaging in a sexual encounter. In response to the complaint filed by the client, Sasha admitted to the behavior. When securing the renewal of their license that same year, however, they failed to disclose the misconduct to the Board. Which of the following statements describes the applicable NC General Statutes under 90-340? Help
Has engaged in deceit in renewing a license
 Has willfully concealed from the Board material information
 Neither 1 or 2
 Both 1 and 2
9. During the time Tavros, LCMHC, provided counseling services to Client M, he told his client that he would file for out of network insurance benefits so that M would receive reimbursements. M inquired about the filing several times, and each time was told the claims had been filed. Finally, M contacted the practice owner and learned that Tavros had not filed any claims. The NCBLCMHC determined that Tavros was in violation of the NC General Statutes by: Help
Not asking for help in how to file an out-of-network claim.
 Practicing deceit with his client.
 Having inexcusable memory lapses.
 Lacking a release to send the claims to the insurance provider.
10. Mateo, LCMHC, lives on the border between North and South Carolina and has been licensed in both states for several years. His license was revoked in South Carolina due to client endangerment. Which of the following is true about his working as a counselor in North Carolina? Help
There is no problem as the two licenses involve two different boards.
 There is no problem as there are two sets of laws involved.
 He is at risk for sanctions by the NCBLCMHC now and may not be able to practice in NC.
 He is automatically not allowed to work in NC.
11. Henry, LCMHC, consulted his supervisor regarding his clinical assessment and subsequent admission of an 18 year old suicidal client to the hospital. Although the supervisor was explicit in listing the conditions of discharge from the hospital, Henry did not follow them and discharged the client, who almost immediately then died by suicide. Henry's behavior is a basic violation of the Licensed Professional Counselors Act which states grounds for board discipline regarding licensure include: Help
Practicing professional counseling in such a manner as to endanger the welfare of clients.
 Ignoring the directive of the clinical supervisor.
 Practicing outside one's boundaries of competence.
 None of the above
12. A complaint from the Board must be responded to: Help
By getting a release of information from the client who filed the complaint.
 After completing any missing parts of the client's record.
 Promptly, completely, and honestly.
 Waiting for a second notification because the claim may be dropped.
13. In addition to the stress of receiving a notice from the Board of charges against oneself, a notice of a hearing in a proceeding, or a decision rendered with possible disciplinary action, counselors may sometimes overlook other possible embarrassing consequences, such as: Help
The statement of charges, notice of a hearing, and decision rendered will become part of the public record.
 The counselor's clients may become aware of the counselor's fraudulent behavior.
 A possible notice in a newspaper publication listing suspects in white collar crimes.
 All of the above.
14. Ava, a newly licensed professional counselor, was scheduled to see her first client at the women's shelter. In her hurry to arrive on time, she forgot to pack copies of her Professional Disclosure Statement. She decided to provide the counseling and return later with a copy for the client to read and sign. Which of the following statements about Ava is accurate? Help
Her decision to stay for the client's appointment was justified because being late for an appointment is disrespectful of the client.
 She was unable to provide professional counseling or receive remuneration because the Professional Disclosure Statement was not provided prior to the session.
 She gave the client an oral version of her Professional Disclosure Statement and received verbal consent so there was no problem with charging the fee.
 She was allowed to use the Professional Disclosure Statement of another LCMHC who was also on the premises at the shelter.
15. In order for members of the military or their spouses to become licensed as mental health counselors in North Carolina, which of the following criteria must be met: Help
Holds a current license in another state whose requirements are equivalent or exceed the licensure requirements for North Carolina
 Worked as a counselor for 2 of the last 5 years
 Has not committed an act that would suspend or revoke a license in NC
 All of the above
16. While working at a counseling agency, Chevy, LCMHC, provided his supervisor with a verbal two-week resignation notice. However, he did not return to the agency for those two weeks, and failed to appropriately terminate and transfer his active clients. Which of the following statements about Chevy's behavior is a violation of the ACA Code of Ethics? Help
He failed to protect the welfare of his clients.
 He did not provide pretermination counseling.
 He did not prepare a plan for transfer of his clients.
 All of the above.
17. During the three months X was providing counseling services to client AM, X engaged in touching AM's arms, temple, and back of head during the session. X would hug AM at the end of the session, and on one occasion gave AM a big kiss on the cheek when AM was leaving the office. X stated these behaviors were part of their interventions. AM however, had never given permission and there was no documentation in the notes regarding this treatment method. Which of the following areas of the ACA Code of Ethics was X in violation of? Help
Extending counseling boundaries
 Documenting boundary extensions
 Client welfare
 All of the above
18. While Cory, LCMHC, was out on medical leave, the owner of the group practice where he worked, also a LCMHC, opened Cory's mail without authorization by either Cory or the client whom it referred to. Upon seeing there was a subpoena for records, and wanting to avoid any legal entanglement for the practice, the owner withheld the letter and then terminated the counselor. In addition, they blocked Cory's email so he was unable to contact his clients. This action by the owner constituted which of the following violations of the ACA Code of Ethics? Help
Client welfare
 Respect for confidentiality
 Protection from punitive action
 All of the above
19. Mr. and Mrs. Lee bring their 15 year old daughter, Kuma, for counseling due to her recent tearfulness, isolation and weight loss following a breakup with her romantic partner. At the initial interview, Mr. and Mrs. Lee tell their counselor that they would like to have family counseling. Kuma has been nonverbal so far in the session, ignoring the counselor's questions and it is not clear that she is agreeable to participating in family sessions. The best ethical decision at this point is to: Help
Abide by the parents' request and begin family sessions as they have the right to insist on the treatment and their presence will prevent Kuma from manipulating the counselor.
 At the end of the session tell the parents that family therapy will not work and that Kuma needs individual therapy.
 Open a discussion with Mr. and Mrs. Lee and Kuma of alternative initial modalities Kuma may prefer such as individual or teen group counseling with a tentative goal of family sessions in the future.
 Tell Kuma that she can just sit quietly until she feels like participating because the insurance provides unlimited sessions.
20. Client M disclosed to her counselor that she had romantic feelings toward him. Rather than address the clinical and boundary issues, her counselor accepted a gift, and extended an agreement about texting. When Client M expressed her desire to end the counseling relationship, stating she experienced significant emotional distress from their relationship, her counselor continued to schedule sessions. Which of the following is both a violation of the ACA Code of Ethics, and the LPC Act? Help
The client expressing her romantic feelings
 Endangering the welfare of a client
 Accepting a gift from a client
 Extending boundaries
21. Jonny, LCMHC, is an elder in his church and frequently provided counseling to members of the church. His counseling often enforced and promoted his belief that homosexuality is a sin, which was based on his Biblical belief. According to the ACA Code of Ethics, which of the following would be the ethical approach to a discussion of homosexuality? Help
Respecting the diversity of clients
 Avoiding imposing personal values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors
 Seeking training in areas in which one is at risk of imposing one's own values onto clients especially when they are discriminatory in nature
 All of the above
22. Client R had a crush on their counselor, Lowell, LCMHC. This was flattering as well as exciting to Lowell who responded to their texts by sending his own inappropriate text messages that were of a sexual nature. Client R's husband saw the texts and reported the counselor's behavior to the Board. This particular case illustrates ALL EXCEPT WHICH of the following violations of the ACA Code of Ethics and the LPC Act? Help
Exploitation of a client
 Practicing outside boundaries of competence
 Sexual relationships with clients
 Romantic electronic interactions
23. Client K started receiving counseling in June of 2017 and terminated after 4 months. In 2019 the client ran into their counselor at a holiday celebration and, after a friendly conversation, the client suggested that they see each other again in a more private non-professional setting. Which of the following actions is most consistent with ethical practice for the counselor? Help
Tell the client that it is unethical for them to have a personal relationship within a five year period.
 Meet with the client to determine what they actually need or want.
 Suggest that they have dinner together and discuss the counselor's concerns.
 Go to meet the client at the private location but bring a colleague along.
24. Sara, LCMHC, spends time on Facebook with friends and family. One of her current clients requests to be her friend in order to send Sara photos of her activities for the purpose of demonstrating her improved mood and interest in life. Sara agrees to friend her. In the next session, the client comments on Sara's own postings. At this point Sara is aware that there may be a perception that she has a personal, although virtual, relationship with this client. To manage this boundary issue Sara decides to: Help
Ignore further comments received online or in session referring to the online relationship, hoping the client will lose interest.
 Request the client keep her online communication to a minimum as Sara is very busy and unable to respond.
 Explain that mixing personal and professional relationships is a boundary issue which is prohibited, and that Sara erred in encouraging the online relationship.
 Unfriend her client without an explanation so it will look like a mistake.
25. Alonso, LCMHCA, is working at a student counseling center on the campus where he recently earned his master's degree in counseling. One of his first clients, it turns out, is a student he knows from a biology lab in which they were partners as undergraduates several years ago. According to the ACA Code of Ethics, Alonso is ethically required to consider the risks and benefits of accepting this student as a client. If he decides to go forward, he would need to take which of the following steps to ensure that his judgment in the future is not impaired and no exploitation occurs: Help
Discuss informed consent with a focus on explaining confidentiality and its limits, and offering referral if wanted.
 Consult with his supervisor to determine if he has considered all the risks.
 Document in the client's record the rationale for making this decision, including potential benefits and anticipated consequences.
 All of the above
26. Max, LCMHC, was invited to the large, formal wedding and reception of Diana, a 30 year old client with whom he has worked on relationship issues. Since this is an example of extending counseling boundaries, Max must examine potential benefits and risks/consequences to the action of accepting or not accepting the invitation. Which might be considered risks in attending the reception after the wedding? Help
Breaching confidentiality when people ask how he knows the bride/groom
 Personal disclosure if he brings his spouse or significant other
 Feeling resentful toward the client at spending an entire afternoon at an event which he attended out of obligation
 All of the above
27. While providing counseling, Theo, LCMHC, recommended that Client Y attend a 10 day retreat facilitated and organized by Theo, himself. Although Y was hesitant, Theo encouraged his client, saying that as Y's individual counselor he would look out for them. Theo's recommendation: Help
Created a conflict of interest because of his financial interest in the program.
 Exercised undue influence over Client Y when he recommended that his client attend.
 Involved a role change without informed consent.
 All of the above
28. A counselor who begins a nonprofessional relationship, such as having current or former clients in paid or volunteer positions at one's agency, is entering what is considered an ethical slippery slope. Potentially harmful results that are likely to occur include: Help
Dual roles which are not fully clarified, discussed and documented.
 Friendships which may then become intimate.
 Breach of confidentiality because of difficulty maintaining boundaries between the roles.
 All of the above
29. Counselors working in an organization (e.g., school, agency, institution) that provides counseling do not refer clients to their private practice unless the policies of the organization make explicit provisions for self-referrals. Where there are such provisions in place, the clients must be: Help
Transferred to another counselor in the organization first, so the relationship is terminated, then call the original counselor's private practice.
 Offered the option of continuing privately with the same counselor, or staying with the agency.
 Given other options open to them, as well, if they decide to seek private counseling.
 None of the above, no agencies allow self-referrals.
30. When determining whether to accept a gift from a client, the counselor takes into account: Help
The monetary value of the gift.
 The client's motivation for giving the gift.
 The counselor's motivation for accepting the gift.
 All of the above.
31. Respect for confidentiality includes not sharing of client information without appropriate authorization. It is also a breach of confidentiality to do which of the following? Help
Present a case at a professional conference even with identifying information disguised.
 Leave mental health records out in plain view or take them home.
 Discuss session details including name of client with supervisor.
 All of the above
32. The director of a university counseling center was found by the North Carolina Board of Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselors (NCBLCMHC) to have violated the ACA Code of Ethics regarding their treatment of students. Which of their behaviors below was NOT a violation? Help
Contacted student's parents without the student's consent
 Scheduled student to be seen on a bi-weekly basis
 Misrepresented counseling credentials by using the title of "Dr." when Ph.D. was in biology
 Used a platform with a student studying abroad that did not meet appropriate encryption standards
33. You are a counselor in a local private practice and one of the clients on your caseload is currently in court proceedings because of an open case with the NC Department of Social Services. Today, the Office Manager hands you a subpoena from the court for your counseling records from work with this client. You do not have a written consent on file from the client to disclose confidential information and have not actually seen the client in over a month. You should: Help
Disclose all of the contents of the client's file since you know she will not return to counseling and you therefore will not be able to get the written consent.
 Attempt to get a written consent from the client and if unsuccessful, try to keep disclosure of confidential information from being required by the court. If this is also unsuccessful, disclose information to the court, but keep it minimal.
 Convince the client that she should reveal all of the confidential information that she has shared with you so that you do not have to turn over material from the counseling file.
 Ignore the court subpoena and let the case proceed without your participation or release of confidential information.
34. A ten year old child and their mother were referred by a domestic violence center for counseling with Payton, LCMHC. Payton began treatment without considering the legal custody of the child. In fact, a custody court order provided for joint custody in which both parents had the right to make decisions about the child's treatment and with both parents having access to records. In addition, the counselor wrote a letter to the court with custody recommendations, placing themself in the role of evaluator. All EXCEPT which of the following were ethical violations by the counselor? Help
Not verifying the custody order before starting treatment.
 Taking on the dual role of therapist and evaluator
 Providing a newly learned evidenced-based trauma focused treatment with no experience, but supervision
 Making recommendations to the court based on an incomplete family assessment
35. Because Shannon, LCMHC, is not a provider for her client's new insurance, her client is planning to find another counselor. The client has requested a copy of her record to bring to her new counselor. Shannon told her that she would spend part of a remaining session reviewing the record with her and then give her a copy. Shannon's actions are based on the ethics code that states that counselors: Help
Provide assistance and consultation in interpreting counseling records.
 Provide reasonable access to records when requested by competent clients.
 Limit access only when there is compelling evidence that such access would cause harm to the client.
 All of the above.
36. Licensed clinical mental health counselors and associates generally meet with a peer group on a regular basis for supervision. Which of the following statements is true about this process? Help
They can freely discuss clients because these professionals abide by confidentiality within the group.
 They need an authorization from their client to discuss the case in this group.
 They can discuss their case, but only without disclosing information that reasonably could lead to the identification of their client.
 They can freely discuss clients because the group has signed confidentiality contracts.
37. During the course of providing counseling to Client Z and her children, Lorayne, LCMHC, was asked by the court for an assessment of the family. Not understanding this request, she used some evaluation measures and then sent in a document titled, "psychological evaluation." The evaluation conducted was not completed in accordance with professional standards for performing a psychological evaluation. Which of these violations of the ACA Code of Ethics were of concern to the Board? Help
She was practicing outside her boundaries of competence because psychological evaluations are done by psychologists trained in such testing.
 She was treating both the parent and children which is always a boundary issue.
 She was acting in a dual role as treating therapist and evaluator.
 A and C
38. Since his licensure, Richard, LCMHC, has been counseling adults. His positive experience with his own children who are now adolescents has resulted in an interest in working with that population. Since he has no training in this specialty, his next step would be to: Help
Start counseling a few adolescents and see if he enjoys them as much as he thought he would.
 Seek out education, training, and supervised experience.
 Apply to another MA program with a specialty track for adolescents.
 All of the above.
39. In addition to her job at an agency, Annika, LCMHC, had a private practice. When a request for records for one of her private clients came to the director of the agency, it was uncovered that Annika was using agency letterhead for correspondence as well as client records. This was determined to be a violation of which section of the ACA Code of Ethics? Help
Interdisciplinary teams and sharing of information
 Imposing personal values
 Accuracy in representing services to the public
 Maintaining boundaries and professional relationships
40. Carol Ann, LCMHC, has been missing appointments with clients and acting more irritable lately. A colleague entered her office and found her teary eyed. Carol Ann then disclosed her emotional instability due to her mother's terminal illness, her caregiving responsibilities to her mother, and sleep deprivation. The colleague's ethical responsibility to Carol Ann and her clients led them to do which of the following? Help
Tell Carol Ann that they are duty bound to report her troubles to the Director of the agency.
 Share their findings with the rest of the team so they can know what is going on and be sympathetic.
 Assist Carol Ann in recognizing her own professional impairment and suggest that time off may be the ethical choice.
 Suggest that Carol Ann may benefit from a prescription for a sleep medication.
41. Gerald, LCMHC, is working at an agency while trying to build a private practice. To help him attract clients, he is asking some of his current and recent clients at the agency to make statements which he can post on his website as testimonials. Which of the following statements is true? Help
Counselors do not solicit testimonials from current or former clients.
 Clients may be vulnerable to undue influence.
 It is acceptable to use testimonials that are not solicited as long as the implications are explained and permission is received.
 All of the above
42. Marjorie, LCMHC, was recently hired to join a group practice. Only after starting to see clients in this setting, did she find out that the billing practices were not always above board. For example, insurers were billed if clients did not show for an appointment as well as for telephone sessions conducted without approval by the insurance company. Marjorie utilized an ethical decision-making model to determine the appropriate steps to take in this situation, beginning with reviewing the ACA Code of Ethics for a clear understanding of the section on Negative Conditions. Which of the following actions is the NEXT step in Marjorie's plan? Help
Alert her employer to the inappropriate billing practices and attempt to effect change through constructive action in the organization.
 Turn in her resignation after explaining to her employer the reason she cannot work there.
 Report the practice to the NCBLCMHC and consider voluntary termination of employment.
 Face the reality that everyone does this kind of billing. Otherwise, practices would lose a lot of money on no shows.
43. Joseph, LCMHC, completed a mental health assessment of his client for the purpose of employment with a national security agency. Following the authorized release of the report to the agency, he was again contacted and requested to send his test data for closer review. Joseph's response was to: Help
Provide the data because it is the client's right to have his data sent to another party.
 Refuse to release the test data as it needs to remain secure for the future validity of the tests.
 Tell the agency he would release the data only to a mental health professional that is qualified to interpret the data.
 Ignore the request because the agency is so bureaucratic they will probably forget to follow up.
44. Anna, LCMHC, completed an educational assessment of a 12 year old Haitian boy who had recently immigrated to the U.S. In her clinical interview with him she had considered him above average in intelligence and was surprised at the poor scores he obtained in the testing. Her supervisor reviewed the materials with her and pointed out the most likely explanation for the discrepancy was: Help
The client was probably malingering so he could get extra attention from adults in the school.
 Anna had probably scored the tests incorrectly.
 The client may have ADHD and was unable to focus.
 The tests were not normed on children of his culture.
45. Terry, LCMHC, sent a document to the Court in a family court proceeding, in which she described Darlene's emotional problems, including a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder. Darlene, however, had never been a client of Terry's, but was merely involved in a prior personal relationship with her. Terry was in violation of the ACA Code of Ethics due to: Help
Dual role relationship
 Diagnosing without professional assessment
 Privacy and confidentiality
 Boundaries of competence
46. One of the faculty members in the graduate department of counseling at the local university teaches the course in Group Counseling Theories and Process. According to an addition to the most recent ACA Code of Ethics, it is also the faculty member's responsibility to: Help
Provide career advisement for one's students and make them aware of opportunities in the field.
 Assess the level of stress of one's students and their management of it during their graduate counseling program.
 Discuss with students their family dynamics which might interfere with their success as counselors.
 Provide letters of recommendation whether or not they are confident in the student's future performance as a licensed clinical mental health counselor associate.
47. Josh, LCMHC, who counsels parents in his office regarding behavioral problems with young children, gives them his email address and suggests that they contact him if their behavioral plan is not effective. In that way he can suggest how to revise it for better results without waiting until the next session. In discussing email communication, Josh needs to clarify and inform his clients of several issues. Which of the following would NOT be an issue in this case? Help
No matter how much one attempts to provide security, breaches are always a possibility with the internet.
 Email communication is not meant to be used in a crisis situation as Josh may or may not read his email after business hours or on weekends.
 Misunderstandings can occur through the written medium of email, and in such a situation the counselor will attempt to clarify the communication.
 It can be difficult to communicate by email because of a time zone differential.
48. Ethical/Legal issues the counselor keeps in mind when providing distance counseling out-of-state include: Help
Compliance with the laws and rules of the other state.
 Limitations of confidentiality and use of encryption methods.
 Need for verification of the client's identity at every session.
 All of the above
49. When Donald, LCMHC, became aware that distance counseling was inadequate for one of his clients who had moved to the West coast, his best option included which of the following: Help
Immediately terminating the therapy.
 Assisting the client in finding local counseling.
 Continuing the therapy hoping it will improve.
 None of the above
50. When there is an ethical dilemma and the laws and the ethics code are at variance, which statement describes the correct action according to the ACA Code of Ethics? Help
The counselor must follow the directive of the agency since that is the employer, even if this causes conflict for the counselor.
 Client confidentiality always takes priority because that falls under both the Legal and the Ethics Codes.
 The counselor states their commitment to the ACA Code of Ethics, takes steps to resolve the conflict, and if necessary, may adhere to the law.
 This is a moot question because Laws and Ethics are basically the same and it will not ever be a problem.

 

 

  
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